Scientific References
- Rao, A., Steels, E., Beccaria, G., Inder, W.J. and Vitetta, L. (2015) ‘Influence of a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract on healthy menstruating women’, Phytotherapy Research, 29(8), pp. 1123-1130.
- Steels, E., Rao, A. and Vitetta, L. (2017) ‘Efficacy of a proprietary Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract in reducing menopausal symptoms in otherwise healthy women’, Phytotherapy Research, 31(9), pp. 1316-1322.
- Begum, S.S., Jayalakshmi, H.K., Vidyavathi, H.G., Gopakumar, G., Abin, I., Balu, M. and Kutty, B.M. (2016) ‘A novel extract of fenugreek husk alleviates postmenopausal symptoms and helps to establish hormonal balance’, Phytotherapy Research, 30(11), pp. 1775-1784.
- Wu, T., Yang, X., Zeng, X., Poole, P., et al. (2020) ‘Effect of fenugreek on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis’, Medicine, 99(24), e20657.
- Yadav, U.C.S. and Baquer, N.Z. (2014) ‘Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease’, Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(2), pp. 243-254.
- Jongkees, B.J., Hommel, B., Kühn, S. and Colzato, L.S. (2015) ‘Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands: a review’, Neuropsychologia, 70, pp. 50-57.
- Young, S.N. (2007) ‘L-tyrosine to alleviate the effects of stress?’, Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 32(3), p. 224.
- Deijen, J.B., Wientjes, C.J.E., Vullinghs, H.F.M., Cloin, P.A. and Langefeld, J.J. (1999) ‘Tyrosine improves cognitive performance and reduces blood pressure in cadets after one week of a combat training course’, Brain Research Bulletin, 48(2), pp. 203-209.
- Banderet, L.E. and Lieberman, H.R. (1989) ‘Treatment with tyrosine, a neurotransmitter precursor, reduces environmental stress in humans’, Brain Research Bulletin, 22(4), pp. 759-762.
- Neri, D.F., Wiegmann, D., Stanny, R.R., Shappell, S.A., McCardie, A. and McKay, D.L. (1995) ‘The effects of tyrosine on cognitive performance during extended wakefulness’, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 66(4), pp. 313-319.
- Borrelli, F. and Ernst, E. (2008) ‘Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review of its efficacy’, Pharmacological Research, 58(1), pp. 8-14.
- Sadahiro, R., Sato, Y., Nishizawa, Y., et al. (2023) ‘Black cohosh extracts in women with menopausal symptoms: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis’, Menopause, 30(6), pp. 653-663.
- National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (2020) ‘Black Cohosh: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals’. Available through NIH Office of Dietary Supplements.
- Huntley, A.L. and Ernst, E. (2003) ‘A systematic review of herbal medicinal products for the treatment of menopausal symptoms’, Menopause, 10(5), pp. 465-476.
- Dog, T.L. (2005) ‘Menopause: a review of botanical dietary supplements’, The American Journal of Medicine, 118(12), pp. 98-108.
- Kennedy, D.O., Jackson, P.A., Forster, J., Khan, J., Grothe, T., Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, T. and Haskell-Ramsay, C.F. (2020) ‘Acute and chronic effects of green oat (Avena sativa) extract on cognitive function and mood during a laboratory stressor in healthy adults’, Nutrients, 12(6), 1598.
- Jibril, A.T., Ahluwalia, N., et al. (2023) ‘Effect of Avena sativa on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Nutrients, 15(2), 345.
- Wong, R.H.X., Howe, P.R.C., Coates, A.M., Buckley, J.D., Berry, N.M. and Kung, S. (2012) ‘Chronic effects of a wild green oat extract supplementation on cognitive performance in older adults’, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 18(7), pp. 665-671.
- Singh, R., De, S. and Belkheir, A. (2013) ‘Avena sativa: a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent’, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(2), pp. 126-144.
- Grundler, F., Mesnage, R., et al. (2020) ‘Oats and oat-derived compounds in health: nutritional and functional properties’, Foods, 9(9), 1210.
- Grant, P. and Ramasamy, S. (2012) ‘An update on plant-derived anti-androgens’, International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), pp. 497-502.
- Evron, E., Juhasz, M., Babadjouni, A. and Mesinkovska, N.A. (2020) ‘Natural hair supplement: friend or foe? Saw palmetto, a systematic review in alopecia’, Skin Appendage Disorders, 6(6), pp. 329-337.
- Sudeep, H.V., Venkatakrishna, K., et al. (2023) ‘A 16-week randomised, placebo-controlled study of standardised saw palmetto oil in mild-to-moderate androgenetic alopecia’, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 16, pp. 3095-3108.
- Ghanbarian, R., et al. (2024) ‘A narrative review of herbal remedies for managing hirsutism’, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(8), 2312.
- Alesi, S., Ee, C., Moran, L.J., et al. (2023) ‘Efficacy and safety of anti-androgens in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Human Reproduction Update, 29(5), pp. 617-631.
- Komesaroff, P.A., Black, C.V.S., Cable, V. and Sudhir, K. (2001) ‘Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women’, Climacteric, 4(2), pp. 144-150.
- Wu, W.H., Liu, L.Y., Chung, C.J., Jou, H.J. and Wang, T.A. (2005) ‘Estrogenic effect of yam ingestion in healthy postmenopausal women’, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 24(4), pp. 235-243.
- Depypere, H.T. and Comhaire, F.H. (2014) ‘Herbal preparations for the menopause: beyond isoflavones and black cohosh’, Maturitas, 77(2), pp. 191-194.
- Wong, K.L., Lai, Y.M., et al. (2015) ‘A novel, stable, estradiol-stimulating, osteogenic yam protein with potential benefit for menopausal health’, Scientific Reports, 5, 10179.
- Park, H., Kim, J., et al. (2024) ‘Alleviation of menopausal symptoms by yam and gromwell extracts in an estrogen-deficient model’, Nutrients, 16(12), 1914.
- Zimmermann, M.B. (2004) ‘Iodine supplementation of pregnant women in Europe: a review and recommendations’, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58(7), pp. 979-984.
- Panth, P., Guerin, G. and DiMarco, N.M. (2019) ‘A review of iodine status of women of reproductive age in the USA’, Biological Trace Element Research, 188(1), pp. 208-220.
- Bouga, M., Lean, M.E.J. and Combet, E. (2018) ‘Iodine and pregnancy: a qualitative study focusing on dietary behaviour and iodine awareness’, Nutrients, 10(4), 408.
- Filipowicz, D., et al. (2023) ‘Iodine deficiency and supplementation effectiveness in pregnancy and thyroid health’, Nutrients, 15(13), 2933.
- MotherToBaby (2024) ‘Iodine’. In: MotherToBaby Fact Sheets. National Library of Medicine.
- Mahboubi, M. (2019) ‘Foeniculum vulgare as valuable plant in management of women’s health’, Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 25(1), pp. 1-14.
- Rahimikian, F., Rahimi, R., Golzareh, P., Bekhradi, R. and Mehran, A. (2017) ‘Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. on menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women’, Menopause, 24(9), pp. 1017-1021.
- Khadivzadeh, T., Abdolahian, S., et al. (2018) ‘Effect of fennel on the health status of menopausal women’, Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 24(1), pp. 67-74.
- Lee, H.W., Ang, L., Lee, M.S. and Lee, J.A. (2020) ‘Fennel for reducing pain in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Nutrients, 12(11), 3438.
- Shahrahmani, H., Kariman, N., Jannesari, S., et al. (2021) ‘Effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 44, 101424.
- Parra-Naranjo, A., Delgado-Montemayor, C., et al. (2023) ‘Bioactivity of the genus Turnera: a review of the last 10 years’, Molecules, 28(21), 7364.
- Szewczyk, K. and Zidorn, C. (2014) ‘Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(3), pp. 424-443.
- Zhao, J., Pawar, R.S., Ali, Z. and Khan, I.A. (2008) ‘Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera diffusa)’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(3), pp. 387-393.
- Estrada-Reyes, R., Carro-Juárez, M. and Martínez-Mota, L. (2009) ‘Turnera diffusa Wild recovers sexual behaviour in sexually exhausted males’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 123(3), pp. 423-429.
- Avelino-Flores, M.C., et al. (2015) ‘Cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract of Turnera diffusa Willd. on breast cancer cells’, Molecules, 20(7), pp. 12591-12605.
- Fierascu, R.C., Fierascu, I., Ortan, A., et al. (2019) ‘Leonurus cardiaca L. as a source of bioactive compounds: an update of the European Medicines Agency assessment report’, Molecules, 24(4), 660.
- Koshovyi, O., Raal, A., et al. (2021) ‘Phytochemical and psychotropic research of motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.)’, Pharmaceutics, 13(2), 166.
- Geller, S.E. and Studee, L. (2007) ‘Botanical and dietary supplements for mood and anxiety in menopausal women’, Menopause, 14(3), pp. 541-549.
- Kim, J., et al. (2016) ‘Inhibitory effects of Leonurus sibiricus on weight gain after menopause in ovariectomised mice’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 178, pp. 229-237.
- European Medicines Agency (2010) ‘Assessment report on Leonurus cardiaca L., herba’. London: EMA Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products.
- National Library of Medicine (2022) ‘Blessed Thistle’. In: Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- Bazzano, A.N., Hofer, R., Thibeau, S., Gillispie, V., Jacobs, M. and Theall, K.P. (2016) ‘A review of herbal and pharmaceutical galactagogues for breast-feeding’, Ochsner Journal, 16(4), pp. 511-524.
- Budzynska, K., Gardner, Z.E., Dugoua, J.J., Low Dog, T. and Gardiner, P. (2012) ‘Systematic review of breastfeeding and herbs’, Breastfeeding Medicine, 7(6), pp. 489-503.
- Sim, T.F., Sherriff, J., Hattingh, H.L., Parsons, R. and Tee, L.B.G. (2015) ‘The use, perceived effectiveness and safety of herbal galactagogues during breastfeeding’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(9), pp. 11050-11071.
- European Medicines Agency (2023) ‘Assessment report on Cnicus benedictus L., herba’. London: EMA Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products.
- Abdi, F., Alimoradi, Z., Haqi, P. and Mahdizad, F. (2016) ‘Effects of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) on menopausal vasomotor symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(6), pp. 593-598.
- Abdi, F., Alimoradi, Z. and Haqi, P. (2016) ‘Hops for menopausal vasomotor symptoms: a systematic review’, Menopause Review, 15(3), pp. 188-194.
- Aghamiri, V., Mirghafourvand, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., et al. (2016) ‘The effect of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) on early menopausal symptoms and hot flashes’, Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 23, pp. 130-135.
- Vahedpoorfard, Z., et al. (2023) ‘Effect of Humulus lupulus L. on postmenopausal sexual dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial’, Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, 11(2), pp. 3712-3721.
- Chadwick, L.R., Pauli, G.F. and Farnsworth, N.R. (2006) ‘The pharmacognosy of Humulus lupulus L. with an emphasis on estrogenic properties’, Phytomedicine, 13(1-2), pp. 119-131.
- Hirata, J.D., Swiersz, L.M., Zell, B., Small, R. and Ettinger, B. (1997) ‘Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial’, Fertility and Sterility, 68(6), pp. 981-986.
- Lau, C.B.S., Ho, T.C.Y., Chan, T.W.L. and Kim, S.C.F. (2005) ‘Use of dong quai (Angelica sinensis) to treat peri- or postmenopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer: is it appropriate?’, Menopause, 12(6), pp. 734-740.
- Hook, I.L.I. (2014) ‘Danggui to Angelica sinensis root: are potential benefits to European women lost in translation?’, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 152(1), pp. 1-13.
- Dietz, B.M., Hajirahimkhan, A., Dunlap, T.L. and Bolton, J.L. (2016) ‘Botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women’s health’, Pharmacological Reviews, 68(4), pp. 1026-1073.
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (2024) ‘Dong Quai’. In: About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products. New York: MSKCC.